Motorola Max. Trac Secrets. This article is a compilation of communications and code plug information for the. Max. Trac and Radius conventional not trunking mobile radios. Use this at your own. The author makes no claims as to the completeness or accuracy of the data. Be warned that if you write incorrect data to the radio you could. LAB RSS. There is a lot of information packed into this article. Sometimes the most insignificant. Trust me, there are a lot of important. Almost all of the information was gathered by examining memory and data sent to and. Additional programs were written as needed to collect, analyze, and. Cheatbook your source for Cheats, Video game Cheat Codes and Game Hints, Walkthroughs, FAQ, Games Trainer, Games Guides, Secrets, cheatsbook. The Hex Files Secrets Of The Six' title='The Hex Files Secrets Of The Six' />This is a work in progress and details will be added as more. Throughout this article, numerical quantities are decimal unless followed by the. The hexadecimal numbering system has values of 0. A through F, corresponding to decimal values of 0 through 9 and 1. It is assumed that the reader knows about hex notation and the base 1. Miscellaneous. An additional topic will provide some data on the integrated circuits used in these. Data Gathering I treated the programming computer and the radio as black boxes. I knew what the. RIB did and knew that I could connect a second computer in parallel with the first to. Luckily the receive data line. I made a TEE cable see diagram. DE 9 connector at one end to go between the RIB and the. DE 9 connector, wired to just the receive data line. Dell laptop that I boot from an. MS DOS floppy disk. I had used this same configuration many years ago but was unable. Once I got past that hurdle, I wrote a. C program all of my programming is in Turbo C for MS DOS to capture the incoming. I couldnt use the Hyper. Term program because it only. I needed oddball speeds. At least this. got me some useful data until the baud rate changed. I modified my program to recognize three of the incoming messages and change the. Once the data was captured in memory, I wrote it to a disk file. I. also wrote another program to go through this raw data and print it to another disk. I also converted the two character values to individual hex bytes so I could view the. I then spent hours and hours blanking an 8. MHz radio with LAB RSS, and programming. I also partially. I analyzed to see what changed and by how much. Classic HannaBarbera cartoons get the comic book treatment. COMICS FOR DANGEROUS HUMANS. DCS YOUNG ANIMAL. Some of the altered. Ive gone just about. I think necessary at this time. I can collect just about all the data thats. I wrote another program to take data from several captured files and turn them into. CSV comma separated variable format I could send to Excel. This made it easier to. I soon discovered that I could write any saved code plug to a blank radio, or that I. This let me put the radio back to its proper configuration. I could figure out what happens when I blank or initialize the. Communications The primary method of talking to the radios is with Motorolas DOS based Radio Service. Software RSS programs. The programming computer uses its serial port to send data to. Radio Interface Box RIB. The RIB takes all data coming from. Psychic Predictions for 2017 Australia, World Psychic Predictions By Leading Australian Psychic Medium Vine. World prophecy PROVEN ACCURACY. Opening up your Mac mini to make some repairs requires specialized equipment. Youll need Hex screwdrivers, two different Torx screwdrivers, and some other. Learn about the different kinds of wrenches and how to use them properly and for their intended use. The Diceware Passphrase FAQ Do I have to study all these questions and answers No, you do not. The instructions on the Diceware page are usually enough to enable you. The RIB takes all. Only one device can transmit data at any time either the computer is. The computer. sees all data that it sends out, and it must ignore that data and only accept data sent. The computer is capable of sending and receiving data at the same time, but. The radios microprocessor has circuitry similar to the. RIB that separates transmit and receive data from the single programming wire. If both the. computer and the radio transmit data at the same time, the results will be undetermined. I made a special cable that tapped the programming computers receive data signal. I was able to analyze these data streams to decode a lot of. The Motorola MC6. HC1. 1 microprocessor henceforth referred to as the CPU has a full. It. supports multiple baud rates, parity, stop bits, etc. This port is initialized by code. The initial parameters select 7 data bits, even parity, and 1. E1 in the PC world and the baud rate is determined by several. CPU clock crystal, which in the Max. Trac is 7. 7. 76 MHz. This frequency is divided by 4 always done by the CPU then by 1. Note that this is NOT a standard baud rate, but thats just. The nearest possible speed for a. PC compatible computers serial port is 1. This is close enough under 1 error to the radios speed. RSS and the CPU initially communicate at this slow speed of about 9. You dont want to transfer a lot of data at this speed. With the use of even parity, the number of data bits is reduced to 7 bits per byte. This means that they need to use two 7 bit bytes to transfer one 8 bit byte of data. The benefit of using a parity bit is. The number of 1 bits per byte must always be an even number. The serial. hardware generates and detects this automatically, reporting an error if the parity is. Parity can detect and correct a single bit error in each byte this. To help the process, each string of bytes. This checksum is calculated. When all. the bytes in the message, including the checksum byte but not including the Lead in. To get around the inability to transfer 8 bit quantities, RSS turns each 8 bit data. ASCII characters with values from 3. Fh. This makes them. But this also doubles the. Our 9. 5 bytes per second is now less than 5. RSS and the radio deal with this by shifting the communications speed to one thats. A message is sent to the radio advising it. The radio acknowledges the message, and all future communications then. When RSS wants to shift back to the slower speed, it. When an acknowledge message is received back from the radio. Remember that only 7 bits of data are significant the parity bit is automatically. CPU. Messages and Formats Messages are initiated by the programming computer RSS and are sent to the radio. The radio sends its own messages back in response to received messages. The formats are. relatively simple messages consist of four parts, in the following order Memory Data returned from radio function code 3. If the computer wanted to read 8 bytes of data from the radio at address B6. Lead in of 0. 4h, the required Null, a Function code of 7. Byte Count of 0. 9h remember that extra null, an Address of B6. Data, and the Checksum C8h 0. B6h, 0. 0h, C8h. The computer would respond with a message with a Lead in of 1. Ch, the required Null, a. Function code of 3. Byte Count of 0. 9h the requested 8 bytes plus the null, an. B6. 00h sent as two bytes, the leading Null byte, the 8 Data bytes, and the. Checksum 2. 8h 1. Ch, 0. 0h, 3. 8h, 0. B6h, 0. 0h, 0. 0h, 2. Fh, 5. 0h, 5. 2h, 2. Eh, 2. 7h, 3. 8h, 2. If you look at the data bytes, youll see the beginning of the copyright string thats. COPR. 8If the computer wants to write 8 bytes of FFh to the radio at address B6. Lead in of 0. 4h, the required Null, a Function code of 5. Byte. Count of 0. Address of B6. 00h sent as two bytes, the. Null byte 0. 0h, the 8 Data bytes, and the Checksum F0h 0. B6h, 0. 0h, 0. 0h, FFh, FFh, FFh, FFh, FFh, FFh, FFh, FFh, F0h. The radio would respond to this with an Acknowledge message function code 2. Ch, 0. 0h, 2. 4h, 0. DCh. RSS transfers code plug EEPROM data in 8 byte blocks. You may notice that when RSS. EEPROM, while another 2. EEPROM, for a. total of 3. This is one of those times when the AHA bulb in your. There are times when RSS transfers data to the external EEPROM in 1. Some radios can handle this, some cannot. The internal CPU EEPROM can only deal with. EEPROM as on the masked logic. Memory These radios use the MC6. HC1. 1 microprocessor. This device contains 2. RAM. 6. 4 internal hardware configuration registers and ports, and 5. EEPROM. Some. may also contain 8,1. ROM. The logic board contains additional code. EEPROM of 2,0. 48 or 8,1. EPROM of up to 3. An Application Specific Integrated Circuit ASIC chip on most logic boards decides. It also converts some addresses. IO signals that control operation of the radio. On the masked logic board. CPU, there is no ASIC and the CPU performs all. The table below describes the memory map of these radios. How to Use a Wrench Your Ultimate Guide to Wrenches. Its been three years since the last post, but welcome back to our Toolmanship series The goal of this series is to teach the very basics of tool use to those men who never got around to learning how to be handy when they were growing up. In this edition, we turn our attention to wrenches or spanners for our readers who use British English. Theyre an essential tool to have in your toolbox and are used to tighten and loosen nuts, bolts, screws, and pipes. Below well take a look at the most common kinds of wrenches and how to use them. General Wrench Use Guidelines. Select the right wrench size for the job. To avoid damaging your fastener or yourself, always select a wrench jaw size that corresponds to the fastener youre tightening or loosening. Also, make sure your wrenchs jaw is in complete contact with the fastener before applying pressure. These two things will go a long way in preventing your wrench from slipping and you swearing about a bruised knuckle. When using a wrench, its best to pull see left image. If you do need to push, use the heel of your hand. That way if the wrench slips, you wont bark a knuckle. Pull, dont push.  When using a wrench, you typically want to position yourself so that you pull it instead of push it. Microsoft Office 2007 Complete Version CD Key Zip. This ensures you dont bark a knuckle whenever the wrench slips off the fastener. If you do need to push a wrench, use the heel of your hand, that way if the wrench slips, you wont hurt yourself. Dont use a cheater bar to gain more leverage. You risk damaging the tool or injuring yourself. If you need more leverage, get a longer wrench. Dont add more leverage with pipe. You may have seen your dad put a longer piece of pipe over his wrench to gain more leverage when tightening a fastener. You should avoid using cheater bars for several reasons. First, they can damage your wrench by bending the handle or jacking up the head. Second, because of the added torque you get with the extra leverage, you risk rounding your fastener if you dont have the right wrench head for the job. Finally, theres a chance the cheater bar will slip off the wrenchs handle while youre turning, causing harm to you or others. If you need more leverage, use a longer wrench. If you have a particularly stubborn fastener, apply some penetrating oil like Liquid Wrench to the thread, wait a few minutes, and then try loosening. Dont hit a wrench with a hammer. Unless you have a special strike face wrench thats designed for being hit with an object, dont take a hammer to your wrench in order to get more power to turn a stubborn fastener. You risk damaging your wrench. Dont use a damaged wrench. If the handle is bent or the jaws look wider than theyre supposed to be, dont use it. Buy quality wrenches. Good wrenches last longer cheap wrenches slip more easily. Personally, Im a Craftsman fan. Theyve got a lifetime warranty on all their hand tools. If a wrench ever bends or breaks, you can take into a Sears or Ace and theyll replace it for free, no questions asked some sales associates might give you guff. I dont have any affiliation with Craftsman whatsoever its just what I use. Types of Wrenches and How to Use Them. Adjustable Wrench aka Crescent WrenchThis should be your first wrench you buy if youre just starting your tool collection one big and one small. An adjustable wrench has one fixed jaw and one adjustable jaw which allows you to use it on a wide variety of fastener sizes. The jaws are typically smooth and flat and designed for gripping square and hex nuts. The head of a crescent wrench is usually angled at 2. How to Use a Crescent Wrench. While a crescent wrench is designed so that you can apply pressure on both the fixed and movable jaws, ideally the bulk of your work should be done so that pressure is only applied on the stronger, fixed jaw. Too much pressure on the weaker, adjustable jaw can cause the wrench to break and you to bark a knuckle. When placing the wrench on your nut, the adjustable jaw should be located on the side towards which the rotation is to be performed. This puts the pressure on the fixed jaw. Below is a nice little illustration showcasing this method Also, when you place your crescent on a bolt or nut, make sure the adjustable jaw is snugly adjusted to the nut or bolt in order to prevent the wrench from slipping and rounding the nut or bolt. Open Wrench. An open wrench is a nonadjustable wrench that comes in a variety of sizes. You usually buy them in sets in both metric and standard SAE sizes, though you can buy them individually if you want. There are a few advantages that open wrenches offer over adjustable wrenches. First, because both jaws are fixed, you dont have to worry about breaking an adjustable jaw. Second, theyre really handy to have when youre tightening and loosening a bunch of nuts and bolts of the same size because you dont have to readjust anything whenever you put wrench to bolt. Makes tightening and loosening much faster than with an adjustable wrench. How to Use an Open Wrench. Select the right size open wrench for the nut or bolt youre loosening or tightening. Reposition the wrench on the fastener after each turn. Box Wrench. A box wrench has an enclosed opening that looks like a ring. The enclosed opening minimizes the risk of damaging your fastener. This kind of wench is typically used on heavy duty jobs. Box wrenches usually have a six point or twelve point recess and are best used on hex head fasteners. The twelve point recess allows you to change the position of the wrench on the nut with only a small handle movement. Some box wrenches have an offset handle which allows for knuckle clearance over obstructions on a flat surface. Youll also find box wrenches with a ratcheting mechanism which allows for more efficient tightening and loosening. How to Use a Box Wrench. Not much to it. Select the right size opening for the nut or bolt and start tightening or loosening. Reposition the wrench on the fastener after each turn. Combination Wrench. Youll typically find open and box wrenches on the same tool in the form of a combination wrench. One end will be the open end wrench the other end is the box wrench. Both ends generally fit the same size nut and bolt. Socket Wrench. When youve got a lot of fastening to do, its time to put aside the crescent or open end wrench and reach for their more efficient brother, the socket wrench. A socket wrench is a hand tool that has a ratcheting mechanism on the head which attaches to various size sockets via a square nub. You can buy sets of sockets that fit every conceivable fastener size metric and SAE. If youre just starting your tool collection, buy a socket wrench with a 38 inch square driving mechanism and a socket set with mostly six point hex sockets the twelve point variety can damage nuts and bolts if you apply too much torque. The biggest benefit of a socket wrench is the ratcheting device. The ratchet device holds in place when you pull in one direction and releases when pulled in the opposite direction. This allows you to quickly tighten a fastener without having to remove and refit the wrench after each and every turn. The long ratchet handle provides you some nice leverage so you can get plenty of torque to loosen and tighten a bolt or nut. If you need less torque, use a nut driver see below. How to Use a Socket Wrench. Make sure to get the right size socket for your fastener. Because a socket wrench provides so much torque, its easy to round off a nut or bolt if it isnt the right size. Nut Driver. A nut driver looks sort of like a screwdriver, but has a socket wrench on the end. Theyre typically used when less torque is needed when tightening or loosening a nut or bolt. Allen Wrench aka Hex KeyYouve probably gathered a nice collection of allen wrenches if youve bought furniture from IKEA. Theyre those small little hockey stick looking things that come with all the hardware for your bookcase.