Archives and past articles from the Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia Daily News, and Philly. Truth be told, New York is playing a bit of catch up, after Los Angeles offered its public library card holders streaming movie privileges last month. Philippines Wikipedia. Coordinates 1. 3N1. E 1. 3N 1. 22E 1. Republic of the Philippines. Capital. Manilaa. N1. 205. 8E 1. N 1. E 1. Largest city. Quezon City. N1. 210. E 1. N 1. 21. 0. 33E 1. Official languages. Recognized regional languages. National language. Filipino. Optional languagesb. Ethnic groups2. 01. Religion. Demonym. Filipino masculineFilipina femininePinoy colloquial masculinePinay colloquial femininePhilippine EnglishGovernment. Unitarypresidentialconstitutionalrepublic. Rodrigo Duterte. Leni Robredo. Aquilino Pimentel IIIPantaleon Alvarez. Hawaii Contractors Reference Manual Ninth Edition Card List' title='Hawaii Contractors Reference Manual Ninth Edition Card List' />Maria Lourdes Sereno. Legislature. Congress. Senate. House of Representatives. Formation of the republic e. June 1. 2, 1. 89. December 1. 0, 1. January 2. 1, 1. 89. March 2. 4, 1. 93. May 1. 4, 1. 93. 5July 4, 1. February 2, 1. 98. Area Total. 30. 0,0. Water 0. 6. 15 inland waters2. Population 2. 01. Density. 32. 9. 6. GDP PPP2. 01. 7 estimate Total8. Per capita8,2. 237 1. GDP nominal2. 01. Total3. 48. 5. 93 billion7 3. Per capita3,2. 807 1. Gini 2. 01. 24. HDI 2. Currency. Peso Filipino piso PHPTime zone. PSTUTC8not observed UTC8Date formatmm dd yyyydd mm yyyy ADDrives on theright1. Calling code6. 3ISO 3. PHInternet TLD. ph While Manila proper is designated as the nations capital, the whole of National Capital Region NCR is designated as seat of government, hence the name of a region. This is because it has many national government institutions aside from Malacanang Palace and some agenciesinstitutions that are located within the capital city. The 1. 98. 7 Philippine constitution specifies Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis. Filipino revolutionaries declared independence from Spain on June 1. Spain ceded the islands to the United States for 2. Treaty of Paris on December 1. PhilippineAmerican War. The United States of America recognized the independence of the Philippines on July 4, 1. Treaty of Manila. This date was chosen because it corresponds to the U. S. Independence Day, which was observed in the Philippines as Independence Day until May 1. President. Diosdado Macapagal issued Presidential Proclamation No. June 1. 2, the date of Emilio Aguinaldos proclamation. In accordance with article 1. Revolutionary Government Decree of June 2. Malolos Congress selected a commission to draw up a draft constitution on September 1. The commission was composed of Hiplito Magsalin, Basilio Teodoro, Jos Albert, Joaqun Gonzlez, Gregorio Araneta, Pablo Ocampo, Aguedo Velarde, Higinio Benitez, Toms del Rosario, Jos Alejandrino, Alberto Barretto, Jos Ma. Via, Jos Luna, Antonio Luna, Mariano Abella, Juan Manday, Felipe Caldern, Arsenio Cruz and Felipe Buencamino. They were all wealthy and well educated. The Philippines   listen Filipino Pilipinasplpins or Filipinasflpins, officially the Republic of the Philippines Filipino Republika ng Pilipinas, is a unitarysovereign state and island country in Southeast Asia. Situated in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of about 7,6. Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. Bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam to the west, Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south. The Philippines location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons, but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the worlds greatest biodiversity. The Philippines has an area of 3. It is the eighth most populated country in Asia and the 1. As of 2. 01. 3update, approximately 1. Filipinos lived overseas,2. Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelagos earliest inhabitants. They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples. Exchanges with Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Islamic nations occurred. Then, various competing maritime states were established under the rule of Datus, Rajahs, Sultans or Lakans. The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in Homonhon, Eastern Samar in 1. Hispanic colonization. In 1. 54. 3, Spanish explorer Ruy Lpez de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain. With the arrival of Miguel Lpez de Legazpi from Mexico City, in 1. Hispanic settlement in the archipelago was established. The Philippines became part of the Spanish Empire for more than 3. This resulted in Catholicism becoming the dominant religion. During this time, Manila became the western hub of the trans Pacific trade connecting Asia with Acapulco in the Americas using Manila galleons. As the 1. 9th century gave way to the 2. Philippine Revolution, which spawned the short lived First Philippine Republic, followed by the bloody PhilippineAmerican War of conquest by US military force. Aside from the period of Japanese occupation, the United States retained sovereignty over the islands until after World War II, when the Philippines was recognized as an independent nation. Since then, the Philippines has often had a tumultuous experience with democracy, which included the overthrow of a dictatorship by a non violent revolution. It is a founding member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and the East Asia Summit. It also hosts the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank. The Philippines is considered to be an emerging market and a newly industrialized country,2. It is one of the only two predominantly Christian nations in Southeast Asia, the other being East Timor. Etymology. The Philippines was named in honor of King Philip II of Spain. Spanish explorer Ruy Lpez de Villalobos, during his expedition in 1. Leyte and Samar. Felipinas after the then Prince of Asturias. Eventually the name Las Islas Filipinas would be used to cover all the islands of the archipelago. Before that became commonplace, other names such as Islas del Poniente Islands of the West and Magellans name for the islands San Lzaro were also used by the Spanish to refer to the islands. The official name of the Philippines has changed several times in the course of its history. During the Philippine Revolution, the Malolos Congress proclaimed the establishment of the Repblica Filipina or the Philippine Republic. From the period of the SpanishAmerican War 1. PhilippineAmerican War 1. Commonwealth period 1. American colonial authorities referred to the country as the Philippine Islands, a translation of the Spanish name. From the 1. 89. 8 Treaty of Paris, the name Philippines began to appear and it has since become the countrys common name. Since the end of World War II, the official name of the country has been the Republic of the Philippines. History. Prehistory. The Tabon Caves are the site of one of the oldest human remains known in the Philippines, the Tabon Man. The metatarsal of the Callao Man, reliably dated by uranium series dating to 6. This distinction previously belonged to the Tabon Man of Palawan, carbon dated to around 2. Negritos were also among the archipelagos earliest inhabitants, but their first settlement in the Philippines has not been reliably dated. There are several opposing theories regarding the origins of ancient Filipinos. F. Landa Jocano theorizes that the ancestors of the Filipinos evolved locally. Wilhelm Solheims Island Origin Theory4. Sundaland area around 4. BC rather than by wide scale migration. The Austronesian Expansion Theory explains that Malayo Polynesians coming from Taiwan began migrating to the Philippines around 4. BC, displacing earlier arrivals. Safety Standards for Signs, Signals, and Barricades. DEPARTMENT OF LABOROccupational Safety and Health Administration. CFR Part 1. 92. 6Docket S 0. RIN 1. 21. 8 AB8. Safety Standards for Signs, Signals, and Barricades. AGENCY Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Labor. ACTION Final rule. SUMMARY The Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA is revising the construction industry safety standards to require that traffic control signs, signals, barricades or devices protecting workers conform to Part VI of either the 1. Edition of the Federal Highway Administration FHWA Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices MUTCD, with 1. Revision 3 or the Millennium Edition of the FHWA MUTCD Millennium Edition, instead of the American National Standards Institute ANSI D6. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways 1. MUTCD. DATES This final rule will become effective December 1. The incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in the rule is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of December 1. ADDRESSES In accordance with 2. U. S. C. 2. 11. 2a, the Agency designates the Associate Solicitor for Occupational Safety and Health, Office of the Solicitor of Labor, U. S. Department of Labor, Room S 4. Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 2. For copies of this Federal Register document contact OSHA, Office of Publications, U. S. Department of Labor, Room N 3. Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 2. Electronic copies of this Federal Register document, as well as other relevant documents, can be obtained from OSHAs Web page on the Internet at http www. How to Obtain Copies of the MUTCD The Federal Highway Administration partnered with three organizations to print copies of the Millennium Edition Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices for sale. The organizations are 1 American Traffic Safety Services Association, 1. Riverside Parkway, Suite 1. Fredericksburg, VA 2. Telephone 1 8. 00 2. FAX 5. 40 3. 68 1. Institute of Transportation Engineers, 1. Street, NW., Suite 3. West, Washington, DC 2. FAX 2. 02 2. 89 7. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials www. Telephone 1 8. 00 2. FAX 1 8. 00 5. On line copies of the Millennium Edition are available for downloading from DOTs Web site http mutcd. On line copies of the 1. Edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices Revision 3, dated 99. November 1. 99. 4 Errata No. OSHAs Web site http www. In addition, both documents are available for viewing and copying at each OSHA Area Office. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT General Information and Press Inquiries Bonnie Friedman, Director, Office of Public Affairs, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U. S. Department of Labor, Room N 3. Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 2. Technical Information Nancy Ford, Office of Construction Standards and Construction Services, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U. S. Department of Labor, Room N 3. Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 2. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION I. Introduction. This final rule addresses the types of signs, signals, and barricades that must be used to protect construction employees from traffic hazards. Generateur De Keygen Jeux Pc Windows there. The vast majority of road construction in the United States is funded through Federal transportation grants. As a condition to receiving Federal funding, the U. S. Department of Transportations DOTs Federal Highway Administration requires compliance with its MUTCD. In furtherance of OSHAs statutory mandate to protect the health and safety of employees, OSHA also requires employers that are within the scope of its authority to comply with the MUTCD. However, OSHAs current standard incorporates the 1. MUTCD, which FHWA has since updated. The purpose of this final rule is to update OSHAs standard. II. Procedural History. On April 1. 5, 2. OSHA published a direct final rule and a companion proposed rule to update 2. CFR 1. 92. 6 subpart G Signs, Signals, and Barricades 6. FR 1. 80. 91. The Agency explained that unless a significant adverse comment is received within a specified period of time, the rule would become effective. Alternatively, if significant adverse comments are received, the agency would withdraw the direct final rule and treat the comments as comments to the proposed rule. Direct final rulemaking is used where the agency anticipates that the rule will be non controversial. The Agency stated that, for purposes of the direct final rule published on April 1. In determining whether a significant adverse comment would necessitate withdrawal of this direct final rule, OSHA would consider whether the comment raises an issue serious enough to warrant a substantive response in a notice and comment process. A comment recommending an addition to the rule would not be considered a significant adverse comment unless the comment states why this rule would be ineffective without the addition. If timely significant adverse comments were received, the agency would publish a notice of significant adverse comment in the Federal Register withdrawing this direct final rule no later than July 1. In the companion proposed rule, which is essentially identical to the direct final rule 6. FR 1. 81. 45, OSHA stated that in the event the direct final rule were withdrawn because of significant adverse comment, the agency could proceed with the rulemaking by addressing the comment and again publishing a final rule. The comment period for the proposed rule ran concurrently with that of the direct final rule. Any comments received under the companion proposed rule were to be treated as comments regarding the direct final rule. Likewise, significant adverse comments submitted to the direct final rule would be considered as comments to the companion proposed rule the agency would consider such comments in developing a subsequent final rule. On July 1. 5, 2. 00. OSHA published a notice withdrawing the direct final rule 6. FR 4. 63. 75, explaining that of the eight comments that had been submitted, the Agency was treating two as significant adverse comments. Both comments challenged the August 1. The two comments are being treated as comments on the companion proposed rule, and are addressed below. In response to the comments, OSHA has set the effective date at December 1. III. Background. Currently, under 2. CFR part 1. 92. 6 subpart G Signs, Signals, and. Barricades, OSHA requires that employers comply with the 1. MUTCD. Specifically, employers must ensure that the following conform to the. MUTCD traffic control signs or devices used to protect. CFR 1. 92. 6. 2. 00g2 signaling directions by. CFR 1. 92. 6. 2. 01 and barricades for the protection of workers. CFR 1. 92. 6. 2. 02. In contrast, a DOT rule, 2. CFR 6. 55. 6. 01 through 6. MUTCD. DOT regulations provide that the MUTCD is the. DOTs rule requires that traffic control devices on. MUTCD. In effect, the MUTCD has become a national. Under Title 2. 3 of the U. S. Code, sections 1. Secretary of Transportation is authorized to promulgate and require. Specifically, section 1. DOT to. require through its approval of State highway department requirements. Federal funds are involved to comply with. Highways are broadly defined under. DOT statute, and include roads, streets and. Under section 4. 02a, DOT is authorized to require each State. DOT. In accordance with this authority, DOT. CFR part 6. 55, subpart F Traffic Control Devices on. Federal Aid and Other Streets and Highways. In section 6. 55. DOT. established its MUTCD as the national standard for all traffic. Under subpart F, the States were required to. Revision 3 for federally funded highways within two years of its. The effective date of the final rule that adopted Revision 3. January 1. 0, 1. 99. FR 6. 50. 84 December 1. A two year. period for transition to full compliance with Revision 3 expired. January 1. 0, 1. 99. Transition to full compliance with the Millennium. January 2. 00. 3.